Septic vs. Municipal Sewage Systems

Whether building your own home, planning renovations, or appraising your home for a home loan, you may be forced to choose between a septic system or a municipal sewer system. Often times, this decision is made for you-- a previous homeowner may already have a system installed, the landscape and soil type may be insufficient for a septic system, or your house may be too far into the country for the city to manage your wastewater.

Septic Systems
A recent federal EPA report states that properly maintained septic systems are a fully viable cost-effective alternative to sewer systems. If you watch what you flush down the toilet (no excessive harsh chemicals, grease, cigarette butts, etc.), plan carefully as you build, and have your tank serviced regularly (many communities have a maintenance schedule) a septic tank can last for up to 25 years. But city governments or misinformed friends might mislead you into thinking it is not only better, but required that you hook up with the city sewer system.

It is true that a poorly planned and maintained septic system can lead to a lot of hassle, big bills, and failed systems. But these are worst-case scenarios. If an official is trying too hard to convince you to hook up to the municipal system even though you have a fully functional septic system, it’s probably because it’s going to make more money for the city than it is going to help you in savings and convenience. Hooking up to a sewer system is expensive. Having a main in front of your house costs money in fees and taxes.

Sewer Systems
On the other hand, there are a handful of reasons to consider letting the municipal system take care of your wastewater.  A failed system can result in property damage, risk of infection and disease spreading, as well as environmental damage. Environmentalists in particular are concerned with the effect of septic systems on surrounding water sources and soil.

With either system, it is all a matter of responsible planning and consideration of land usage that will determine which system is the best. Either system can fail-- a septic system can fail due to bacterial imbalance, a treatment facility may need to be expanded as communities grow, or estimated costs could go up if bedrock is encountered.

Your best bet is to research your options as deeply as possible, in regards to your specific situation.